The question controls the project
A strong question is specific enough to investigate deeply and open enough to require evaluation. Keep returning to it when deciding what reading and evidence to include.
If sections become interesting but irrelevant, remove them. Relevance is a sign of disciplined independent research.
Research critically
Record full bibliographic details as you work and distinguish between reliable academic evidence, useful background material and sources that need caution.
Do not evaluate a source only by saying it is biased. Consider expertise, purpose, evidence, method, date and relevance to the particular claim.
Research-question check
- Is the question narrow enough to answer well?
- Can you find contrasting evidence or interpretations?
- Does it invite argument rather than description?
- Can you explain why the question matters?
Build an argument rather than a literature list
Organise sources around the historical problem. Compare interpretations and use evidence to decide which explanation is more convincing.
Your own voice should connect the research. The project should not read as one summary after another.
- Focused question.
- Research log.
- Source evaluation.
- Clear structure.
- Sustained argument.
- Accurate referencing.
- Reflection on process and limitations.
Treat reflection as evidence of learning
Keep notes on changes in question, abandoned approaches, source limitations and time-management decisions.
Specific reflection is more convincing than claiming everything went well. Explain what changed and what you would do differently.
Frequently asked questions
Does a strong EPQ need lots of sources?
Quality, relevance and critical use matter more than simply having a long bibliography.
How important is the production log?
It is an important part of demonstrating planning, decision-making and reflection. Follow your awarding-body requirements carefully.
Can an EPQ argument disagree with historians?
Yes, provided the judgement is based on credible evidence and accurate engagement with existing interpretations.